Robert lundell



No. 613,694. Patented Nov. 8, I898.

n. LUNDELL.

VAPUR 0B .GAS TURBINE.

(Application filed Jan. 15, 1898.)

(No Model.)

I V 4. 4 N

WITNESSES (l INVENTOR:

,NrrED STATES ROBERT LUNDELL, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

VAPOR OR GAS TURBINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 613,694, datedNovember 8, 1898.

Application filed January 15, 1898. Serial No. 666,800. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ROBERT LUNDELL, a citizen of the United States,residing at New York, (Brooklyn,) in the co unty'of Kings and State ofNew York, have made a new and useful Invention in Vapor or Gas Turbines,of which the following is a specification.

My invention will be fully understood by referring to the accompanyingdrawings, the essential features of novelty being particularly pointedout in the claims at the end of this specification.

Figure 1 of the drawings is asectional View of my novel form of vapor orgas turbine, taken on the line 00 :c, Fig. 2, and as seen looking atthat figure in the direction of the arrows from right to left. Fig. 2 isa transverse section of the entire turbine.

The object of my invention is to increase the efficiency of suchapparatus and to provide means whereby itis possible to run the turbinewheel at more moderate speeds than are ordinarily employed. It is wellknown that in order to efficiently utilize the high Velocity of steamescaping through a nozzle it becomes necessary to deal with extremelyhigh velocities of the wheel itself, some wheels running at as high aspeed as fifteen thousand revolutions per minute. To increase theefficiency of steam-turbines, an expanding nozzle is ordinarilyemployed, and the steam is usually cut off or throttled at the nozzleitself in order to insure high velocity of the stream at that point. Thepresent apparatus does not depend upon. any expanding nozzle orthrottling of steam at the nozzle for its efficiency at various loads,other means, as hereinafter set forth, being employed to obtain bothefficiency and reduced running speed.

Referring now to the drawings in detail, W represents the turbine wheelwith buckets arranged as shown in Fig. 1.

F is the spider therefor, (preferably one solid disk,) and S is theturbine-shaft.

O is the casing. Only one bearing is shown in casing O, the otherbearing being left out as immaterial for the chief object of thisinvention.

O and O are additional parts of the casing.

E is the exhaust, and P isthe steampipe leading to the steam-chestformedby casing 0 V is the main cut-off valve, which is operated byshaft S (passing through stuffing-box B) and an automatic speed-governorof any good design. (Not shown.) The Valve V has four openings 0, 0, 0and 0 so arranged that each of the four valve-ports p, p, 19 and p aresuccessively cut off when the shaft S is turned in a clockwisedirection.

The valve-ports p, p 19 and p are connected with nozzles 7t, 02, a and aas shown. Outside of these nozzles and surrounding the same are largernozzles N, N, N and N so located that their extreme or outer ends arevery close to the buckets and the inner periphery of the wheel W, whiletheir inner enlarged ends open up into the interior of the casing, asclearly shown.

The operation is as follows: Steam under pressure enters from pipe Pinto the steamchest and flows through valve and valve-p orts into thenozzles n, 92', m and a where, owing to the contraction of said nozzlesat their outer ends, it attains its highest velocity. As it (the steam)leaves the nozzles n, n, 12 and n it naturally expands and rushesforward against the buckets of the wheel; but at the same time it alsocarries part of the exhauststeam along, very much on. the principle ofan injector, so that at the time it strikes the buckets its weight andvolume are considerably increased andits speed somewhat decreased. Thismakes it possible to decrease the speed of the wheel.

It will be understood from the drawings and the above description thatthe steam after havingexpended its energy on the bu ckets will partlyexhaust through the exhaustpipe E, and at the same time a portion of itwill reenter the wheel after having attained velocity in the nozzles N,N, N and N the time the wheel is operating under full load all thevalve-ports are wide open and there is no choking of the steam except ator near the ends of the nozzles n, n, 91. and a where the highestvelocity of the steam is desired. speed-governor turns the valve V tothe right until valve-port p is partly out oif. The effi ciency of steampassing through the nozzle 77/ may now be somewhat impaired, owing to adecreased volocity at the opening of the same; but all the othernozzlesare still working under full efficiency, and at three fourths load theIf the load is somewhat reduced, the

2 eiaeea nozzle 02 becomes entirely idle. For half-load nozzles '22 andn are idle, and at one-fourth load the nozzle n is the only one in use.It will thus be seen that the eiiiciency is only slightly impaired whileone or the other nozzle is partly cut of.

I do not limit myself to the specific construction shown and describedor to the use of steam alone for this purpose. Any gas or vapor mightanswer as Well, or a mixture of both steam and gas may be employed byconnecting the inner ends of nozzles N, N, N and N with some suitablegas'supply. Nor do I limit myself to a rotary turbine Wheel, as it isobvious that the essential features of my invention might be applied toreciprocating as Well as rotary engines.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secureby Letters Patent of the United States, is

1. Avapor or gas turbine having a series of buckets, a number of vaporor gas conveying nozzles adapted to convey vapor or gas thereto andadditional nozzles surrounding the first-named nozzlespin combinationwith a valve and valve-ports adapted to admit vapor or gas to thefirst-named nozzles in succes sion, substantially as described.

2. A vapor or gas turbine having a series of buckets, a number of vaporor gas conveying nozzles adapted to convey vaporor gas thereto,additional nozzles surrounding the first-named nozzles and havingconnection with an exhaust-chamber, in combination with a valve andvalve-ports adapted to admit vapor or gas to the first-named nozzles insuccession, substantially as described.

3. A vapor or gas turbine having a series of buckets surrounded by anexhaust-chamber provided with an exhaust-outlet E; a number of vapor orgas conveying nozzles adapted to direct Vapor or gas against saidbuckets and into the exhaust-chamber, a corresponding number of nozzleswhich surround the first-named nozzles and have communication With theexhaust-chamber, in combination with means for successively admittingvapor or gas through the first-named nozzles, substantially asdescribed.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name this 13th day ofJanuary, 1898.

ROBERT LUNDELL.

Vitnesses:

O. J. KINTNER, M. MIROBINSON.

